Its cold! A physiologist explains how to keep your body feeling warm

Its cold A physiologist explains how to keep your body feeling warmIts cold A physiologist explains how to keep your body feeling warmWhether waiting for a bus, playing outside or walking the dog during the colder winter season, everyone is looking for ways to stay warm. Luckily, the process your body uses to break down foods serves as an internal heater.But when the weather is cold, some verteidigung strategies are also necessary to prevent your body from losing its heat to the surrounding environment. As the temperature difference between your warm body and its frigid surroundings increases, heat is lost more quickly. It becomes more of a challenge to maintain a normal body temperature.And two people with the same exact body temperature in the same exact environment may have very different perceptions. One may feel frozen while the other is completely comfortable.But beyond the subjective experience of coldness, researchers do know that natural physiological responses to cold as w ell as behavioral adaptations like bundling up can help keep your body around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit and make sure you feel warm.What your body doesYour blood courses through your body carrying nutrients, oxygen and other biological important substances. And this delivery system also brings heat produced in the muscles to the skin, where its released.When you enter a cold environment, your body redistributes blood to the torso, protecting and maintaining the warmth of the vital organs there. At the same time, your body constricts blood flow to the skin. Narrowing the roads to the skin means less heat can make the journey, and so less is lost to the environment. And minimizing how much blood goes to the skin which is in closest proximity to the cold means you can hold onto more of your internal heat longer.Anotlageher defensive strategy the body uses to stay warm is cranking up muscle activity. This in turn increases your metabolism and creates more heat. Think of a brisk winter walk when the mercury has really plunged your teeth may chatter and your arms and legs may shake uncontrollably in shivers. This seemingly nonproductive use of the muscles is actually an effort to increase body temperature by breaking down more nutrients to stoke your internal furnace.Differences in body size, body fatness and metabolic activity influence how different individuals experience cold. Smaller people with lower levels of body fat lose more heat to the environment than larger people with more body fat. A bigger individual may have increased muscle mass, which is a producer of heat, or elevated body fatness, which functions as an insulator to reduce heat loss. These differences are not easy to change.Things you can doIn order to maintain a feeling of warmth, you can manipulate your clothing, your activity and your food.The most common thing people do to stay warm is wear a coat, hat and gloves. Obviously increasing clothing thickness or piling on the layers helps. Winter clothes serve not to warm you up, but more as a means to keep the heat you are producing from dispersing to the surrounding environment.Contrary to popular belief, the head is not a greater source of heat loss than any other adequately covered body part. If you were to wear a warm hat and no coat, your torso would contribute the most to heat loss, thanks to how your body redistributes its blood in cold conditions. If you can keep your torso warm, youll maintain blood flow to your limbs and can often keep the arms, legs, hands and feet warm.Secondly, being physically active causes your muscles to contract, breaking down more nutrients, which generates additional heat. This additional heat production can help maintain body temperature and the feeling of warmth. Maybe youve noticed this in your own life if youve run in place for a bit or done a quick set of jumping jacks when youre out in the cold.Unfortunately, physical activity or layers of clothing can tip the balance past what you need to offset heat losses. In that case, youll experience an increase in body temperature and your body will start sweating in an effort to cool down. This is a bad outcome, because the evaporation of sweat will lead to greater rates of heat loss.You may also notice the urge to urinate what physicians call cold diuresis. Its a side effect of constricting blood vessels and the resulting increase in blood pressure as the same amount of blood has a smaller space available to travel through your body.Finally, eating increases the bodys production of heat. The process of breaking down food is going to slightly increase body temperature. Sometimes campers will have a snack before bed in an effort to stay warmer through the night. While the metabolic impact of a small snack may not be huge, the tipping point between heat balance and heat loss is pretty small.And if youre the type who tends to feel cold and leave your coat on even inside, you might want to rethink the habit. Your skin w ill be flush with blood as your body tries to dissipate excess heat inside. Worst of all, you may start to sweat. Once you head back out the door, you might feel even colder initially than you would have as the cold air saps the heat from your skin and your sweat evaporates. To stay comfortable, your best bet is dressing appropriately, whether inside or outdoors this winter.JohnEric Smith, Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Mississippi State UniversityThis article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

o Your Employer Finding Out

o Your Employer Finding OutJob Search w/o Your Employer Finding OutJob searching while youre still employed always put you in the best position. Most employers want to hire someone who is currently working, rather than someone who is unemployed theres inherent value when someone else is employing you.Being employed allows you to proceed with confidence, in that youre coming from a position of strength. You have a job to fall back on. Youre leid desperate, and the entire scenario means less pressure for you. These factors also bode well if you land an offer while youre still employed. You can leverage your current situation when it comes time for salary negotiations for the future gig. Also, you can let your current employer know you have another offer in hand, and initiate a discussion about a higher job title or salary in your existing company.Those are the positives of job searching while employed. You also need to be aware of the potential negatives and how to effectively navigat e them. The biggest risk is that not only your boss will find out, but really, that anyone at your current company will find out. Yes, adults do still tattle-tale. And if your boss hears your news from another source besides you, he may view it as disloyalty. That could lead down a slippery slope of the coach cutting you out of meetings, taking you off projects, or limiting your contact with clients worst case scenario.There are several steps you can take to conduct an effective, discreet job search. Although you can concentrate 100% of your efforts to offline methods such as informational interviews and direct contact, you dont have to keep your job search offline just to keep it discreet. LinkedIn can absolutely still be your best friend in getting your message and brand out to the widest possible audience.1) Leave the red flags off your LinkedIn profile. The trend now is to write in your headline or summary that youre seeking new opportunities. The highly erroneous belief is tha t recruiters search for that phrase or somehow pay more attention to it. However, if you think about it, virtually everyone on LinkedIn is looking for opportunities that happens both passively and actively.Even when people say they arent looking, you know what? If someone found them on LinkedIn and offered them $500K for a job that was right up their alley, theyd consider it. Everyone on LinkedIn is open to an opportunity. Therefore, you need not highlight this about yourself by using such language anywhere in your profile.2) Frame your LinkedIn summary like an executive bio. A bio presents your expertise, what youre working on right now, and highlights from your professional history. This may be quite close to what your company would write about you if they put your bio on their web site.Writing your summary in this style communicates to your audience exactly what you bring to the table. Since youre mentioning your current employment, this is another strategy unlikely to raise the red flag in front of your employers eyes.Use your bio / profile to highlight recent successes or high-profile projects that youre working on. If your employer comes across that, it hardly looks suspicious. On the contrary, it looks like you are showcasing not only your individual work, but also the company as a whole.3) Adjust your account settings so that only you can see your connections. Doing so allows you to build your connections with recruiters, HR specialists, and relevant decision makers at the companies you want, without showing a burst of activity no your profile.To keep your connections private, go to privacy and settings, then to, privacy, and change, who can see your connections to only you. You can take similar steps to hide your LinkedIn groups from your profile, so your employer will not see that youve recently joined a job search group.As you embark on your job search, consider what your employer would do if he did find out? Think about when this has happened with someone else in your workplace. Its well within the realm of reality that when your boss finds out, he makes moves to keep you there. Thats happened more than once. Either way, whether you stay with your current organization, but perhaps take on a higher role, or move on to the job you really want, going through the exercise of job searching while employed lets you know how much the market values you, and allows you to take stock of your own power.

How a Judicial Externship Can Help Your Legal Career

How a Judicial Externship Can Help Your Legal CareerHow a Judicial Externship Can Help Your Legal CareerAs a law student, youll have a number of opportunities for career-enhancing off-campus activities. One fantastic opportunity is a judicial externship, i.e. working for a judge, either during the semester or over the summer. If your school is located near any chambers, this is definitely an opportunity to investigate. What You Will Do As a Judicial Extern When you work as a judicial extern, youll typically do work similar to that done by the judges clerks. (One notlagee,dont call yourself a judicial clerk or law clerk when youre a judicial extern. This terminology is typically reserved for the judges full-time clerks whove graduated from law school.) On an average day, you might work on a memo on a particular issue of law that the parties briefed in advance. You might do research on evidentiary rules if youre in a trial court. Youll probably also have the opportunity to observe court proceedings, including trials, jury selection, and motion hearings. Youll likely help draft opinions that the judge will issue. How Being a Judicial Extern Can Help Your Legal Career Working as a judicial extern can be very interesting and exciting, and is highly beneficial to your development as a lawyer. As you read briefs and motions, youll learn more about how to construct a winning legal argument (and what notto do). Youll see whats compelling at oral argument and in briefs, and youll get a mglichkeit to peek behind the scenes and see how judges actually decide cases. Of course, youll improve your own research and writing skills And, youll (hopefully) gain a mentor and advocate for the rest of your legal career. When Judges Hire Their Own Externs As Law Clerks Potential externs often wonder how working for a judge as an extern might impact their later application forjudicial clerkships. The answer is, It depends. Some judges have a policy ofneverhiring their own e xterns as clerks, and are typically upfront about this policy when you apply to extern. The logic behind this is that extern and law clerk slots are limited, and its not fair to let one person have both. Other judges, however, do openly hire their own externs, and essentially use the externship as an extended interview. If the question doesnt come up in your initial externship interview, its probably safe to assume the judge doesnt have a strong policy one way or the other, but its worth asking about if this is a judge youd really like to clerk for (as a full law clerk). Even if you extern for a judge who wont hire externs as clerks, all is not lost. Assuming you do a good job and the judge likes you, theres a high likelihood theyll put in a good word for you with their judge friends, drastically improving your chances of securing a full clerkship when the time comes. How You Can Get a Judicial Externship Each school is different, but to apply for a judicial externship, youll ty pically have to submit a resume, cover letter, and writing sample. Some judges might also require references, so its worth getting to know your professors early on (office hours are a great way to build these relationships). Ask around and youll find out the details. Be sure to check with students who previously worked with the judges youre considering. Most are nice, but some judges are notoriously hard to work for, and perhaps are best avoided Existing Options The range of judicial externship options will depend on whats close to your school, or where you can live (for the summer). The possibilities are vast Most state courts, federal courts, specialized local courts, trial courts, and appellate courts have options. Chose one that suits your career plans, and a judicial externship can set you on the way to legal career success